What is celiac disease characterized as?

Celiac disease is characterized as a malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten. In individuals with celiac disease, the ingestion of gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye) triggers an autoimmune response that damages the small intestine's lining. This damage impairs the intestine's ability to absorb nutrients effectively, leading to various symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malnutrition.

The condition is not just a simple intolerance; it involves a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as gluten consumption. While individuals with celiac disease must adhere to a strict gluten-free diet to prevent symptoms and long-term complications, the underlying issue remains the immune-mediated damage resulting from gluten ingestion, highlighting the importance of understanding the disease as a malabsorption syndrome.

Other options reflect different medical conditions and are unrelated to celiac disease. For instance, the idea of a bacterial infection affecting the intestines is more aligned with conditions like gastroenteritis. An allergic reaction to dairy products pertains to lactose intolerance or milk allergy, which is different from gluten-related disorders. Lastly, a genetic disorder affecting blood sugar levels typically relates to diabetes, which is separate from the mechanisms involved in celiac disease.